Cosmos blockchain is a distributed network of parallel blockchains that are supported by BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint consensus. Cosmos provides a range of tools and SDKs to help you develop and host a dApp within the Cosmos ecosystem.

Blockchains were isolated before Cosmos was created. They couldn’t interact with one another. Cosmos solved this problem and gave a fresh vision to the blockchain industry.

What is Cosmos?

Cosmos is a growing ecosystem of connected services and applications that are designed for a decentralized future. It is a community-owned, operated network of connected services. Cosmos is a network of apps and services that connect via Inter-Blockchain Communications (IBC). It allows the exchange of assets and data across sovereign decentralized blockchains.

Cosmos’ main focus is on interoperability and customizability. Cosmos promotes network connectivity and facilitates data and token sharing without any central authority.

Each new Cosmos blockchain, called Zone, is tied to Cosmos Hub. Each Zone’s state is kept by the Cosmos Hub. It is a proof of stake blockchain powered by ATOM, its native cryptocurrency.

The Vision

Cosmos’ vision is to make it easy for developers to create blockchains and to remove barriers between them by allowing them interconnect. It is a network that allows blockchains to communicate with one another. Cosmos allows blockchains the ability to retain sovereignty, efficiently process transactions and connect with other blockchains within the ecosystem.

Cosmos relies on open-source tools such as Tedermint and Cosmos SDK to achieve its goals. It allows you to create custom, secure, interoperable, and robust blockchain applications.

What problem can Cosmos solve?

Scalability

The shared rate of 15 transactions per seconds is what inhibits decentralized applications that are built on Ethereum blockchain. It is because Ethereum uses the Proof of Work mechanism, and its dApps are competing for the limited resources of the single Blockchain.

This problem isn’t limited to Ethereum, but all blockchains can be created to provide a platform that suits all uses.

Cosmos’ Solution

Cosmos uses two types of scalability

Vertical Scalability

It offers methods to scale blockchains. Tendermint BFT is capable of handling thousands of transactions per second, thanks to its optimization and the removal of Proof-of-Work.

Horizontal Scalability

Even though the consensus engine and applications are optimized, transaction throughput for a single chain falls, which it cannot surpass. This is because vertical scaling is limited. This limitation can be overcome with multi-chain architectures. Blockchains can theoretically be infinitely scaleable by using multiple parallel chains that all run the same application and share a common validator set.

Cosmos will offer vertical scaling at launch which is a significant improvement over current blockchains. After completing the IBC module, Cosmos will implement horizontal scaling solutions.

What are the most important tools/frameworks/SDKs Cosmos uses?

Agoric Swingset

Agoric’s Cosmic SwingSet allows developers to test smart contract designs using ERTP in different blockchain setup environments. ERTP (Electronic Rights Transfer Protocol), Agoric’s token standard, allows you to transfer tokens and other digital assets using JavaScript.

CosmWasm

It allows developers to create multi-chain smart contracts using Rust.

Ethermint

The Ethereum Virtual Machine was implemented in a Cosmos SDK Module, making it possible for proof-of-stake Blockchains to support Ethereum smart contracts.

Cosmos SDK

It’s a collection of SDKs that allows any blockchain protocol developer or entrepreneur to write, run/execute their programming code using the SDK library.

Protocol IBC

Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) is another protocol that allows one blockchain protocol to communicate with another blockchain protocol. It’s used to create a variety of cross-chain applications, including atomic swaps and token transfers as well as data and code shattering of various types.

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